This week in the War, 16–22 June 1941: Barbarossa!

German panzer troops advance from Poland at the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, June 1941 [Bundesarchiv Bild 101l-185-0139-21/ Grimm, Arthur/ CC-BY-SA

German panzer troops advance from Poland at the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, June 1941 [Bundesarchiv Bild 101l-185-0139-21/ Grimm, Arthur/ CC-BY-SA]

On 22 June 1941, Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa. Over three and a half million troops with 3,600 tanks and 2,700 planes invaded the Soviet Union on a front that extended from the Baltic coast to the shores of the Black Sea.

The Fuehrer directed the operation from the Wolfsschanze (The Wolf’s Lair), situated near Rastenburg in East Prussia. The Germans had assembled their enormous force without the Russians recognizing the danger. They were caught completely by surprise. By noon, the Luftwaffe had destroyed 1,200 Russian aircraft, mostly on the ground.

That evening, Winston Churchill declared Britain’s willingness to aid the Soviet Union. Britain had acquired a new and powerful ally. With Hitler focused on the East, defeat for the island nation no longer seemed inevitable.

Meanwhile, on the same day that Barbarossa got under way, General Wavell, one of Britain’s most competent commanders,  was relieved as Commander-in-Chief of British Middle Eastern Forces; he was reassigned to India.

Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, June 1941

Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, June 1941

 

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